Epiphanys threshold Essay Example For Students

Epiphanys limit Essay My spirit today is paradise on earth/O could the vehicle last,' sing two ladies toward the finish of the primary scene of Brian Friels late play, Wonderful Tennessee. What's more, in answer to the inquiry presented in the song, one needs to yell as Angela, one of the plays six mortality-frequented characters, will later in the play Yes, Yes, Yes! Presently 64, the Irish producer has given his astounding vocation to snapshots of transport sure to number among the enduring accomplishments of contemporary dramatization. This year in the US., those accomplishments are finding their broadest presentation yet. Moving at Lughnasa, Friels 1990 memory play whose aggregated trees incorporate a Best Play Olivier grant in London and three Tony grants, is the most generally created content in the American local auditorium this season, as per its Broadway maker, Noel Pearson. (At any rate 24 creations will have been seen via seasons end, remembering three playing this month for Alabama, Minnesota and Wisconsin.) On April 12, the Long Wharf Theater in New Haven, Conn. begins a month-long commitment of the Abbey Theater of Dublins exceptional creation of Faith Healer, with a similar trio of entertainers that aroused Londons Royal Court Theater two years prior: Donal McCann, Sinead Cusack and Ron Cook. In August, that shows executive, Joe Dowling, makes his Roundabout Theater debut in New York with a restoration of Philadelphia, Here I Come! (through Oct. 2), the play that initially acquainted Broadway crowds with Friel almost 30 years prior. In 1995, Pearson plans to create a recovery of Translations, under the course of Robin Lefevre, on Broadway. We were constantly adjusted somewhere close to the preposterous and the pivotal, remarks a prior Frank the nomad cheat at the core of Faith Healer, seemingly Friels most prominent play, just as his most basically thick and testing. Friels plays, truth be told, occupy precisely that point in the vicinity. He recounts lives spent on the limit of revelation, of individuals who, similar to the related Franks in these plays, are tossed back on the regularly abnormal foolishness of their own condition. (Such is doubly the situation in Faith Healer whose voluble legend owe at last find talking from past the grave.) Revelations show up, however Friel demands we take from them not simply the earth shattering occassio ns yet their waiting delayed consequences. In Dancing at Lughnasa, the blasting revel of the title comes not at any normal purpose of peak however halfway through Act 1, as the five spinsterish Mundy sisters discover discharge from average workers drudgery one summer day in 1936 out of a Dionysiac upheaval basic to Friels work. (In Faith Healer, Frank signs an authorial leitmotif toward the finish of his first monolog, reviewing A Dionysian night. A Bacchanalian night. An excited, over the top Irish night when ceremonial was intentionally and constantly debased.) Some contend that Lughnasa fails in playing its nominal card so early, yet most likely the plays genuine move lies somewhere else: in the trancelike developments going with the acquiescence of to be in contact with some otherness which the storyteller Michael, an authorial change sense of self delicately compose huge, talks contemplatively of in his end discourse. Thus, Wonderful Tennessee may appear to top too soon in the destructive Georges brutal accordion interpretation of the Moonlight Sonata played, his significant other Trish says, as though he were hesitant to stop. Be that as it may, Friel courageously plunges ahead, permitting the intelligent quietness following Georges presentation to illuminate each second regarding the play from that point. Otherness is this plays topic, too explicitly along these lines, since its characters are for the most part attempting to get to one Oilean Draiochta, the supposed Island of Otherness, Island of Mystery and it is basic to Friels technique that these delighted blasts drift as a connection between the agnostic, the stylish and the supernatural creation a garbage of formal religion. (Not to no end did Friel desert young yearnings to the brotherhood.) This screenwriter composes powerful state of mind pieces not works of art, and his most eerie entries lie in his characters inescapable reacquaintance with this world even as they recognize, normally quietly, the following. Low parody and high standards EssayBut its implied as no slight to Philadelphia! to take note of the later plays development set against the prior ones young extravagance (and periodic complex infelicities). Both Tennessee and Lughnasa bear the engraving of a man who knows his great educated Friel has worked normally as an interpreter of Chekhov (Three Sisters) and Turgenev (Fathers and Sons, A Month in the Country) specifically and Tennessee particularly appears to bring out Uncle Vanya in its characters interminable appraisals of their own passionate states. (The mystic temperature-taking, quite a bit of it combined with the amusing use of melodies like I Want to Be Happy, follows from Graces ripping reiteration upbeat, cheerful, happy!â in Faith Healer.) For at long last, Friels profession portrays a continuum whose segment parts at long last seep into one. The statements compared toward the beginning of this piece show both to what extent and how short that excursion has been. In Philadelphia!, Private Gar looks forward to when what stays in the memory will be valuable, valuable gold, while in Lughnasa onwards that speculative chemistry exists at the time in those mollifying notes and quieted rhythms of life at the present time. No big surprise the bookie Terry in Wonderful Tennessee neglects to show up at his island, as pregnant a picture of death as Harold Pinters no keeps an eye ashore. Demise is a lot of progressively a reality now for a screenwriter whose work has consistently conveyed hints, to say the very least, of mortality. Be that as it may, similar to Frank Hardy in Faith Healer, who declines even after death to be quieted, Friel won't quit stating the wealth of this life and the puzzle of the Other. To validate attest to recognize, delights Angela in Tennessees last crescendo, and one detects the writer in that spot with her, singing the dismal, sweet melody of presence which is, at long last, great.

Impact Of Retail Industry Field-Level Implication

Question: Depict the Impact Of Retail Industry On The Current Changing Business Environment And Their Field-Level Implication. Answer: Diagram The business circumstance in the worldwide territory has definitely changed its shape to involve a more grounded position on the planet advertise. The various examples of outer and inward measurements continuously changed to develop a powerful stage for the worldwide business networks. The undertakings have massively flourished in unmistakable circles of exercises to rejuvenate the cultural, political, real, natural, mechanical, budgetary and moral structures to set up its predominance in various degrees of assembling and creation skills. The retail specialty units have in the end celebrated the national and global statuses to fulfill the requirements of the public(Olsen Stensaker, 2013). The current article underlines on the crucial geologies of retail industry in Indian space that has been extraordinarily upheld by the global organizations in the previous hardly any years. The Indian retail area has developed with the money related commitments of its GDP speaking to the factual estimation of about 22%. The inexact appraisal of retailing fragment include to a summation of 500 billion of US dollars. It puts its business rank in the midst of the five fundamental business institutions(Anastasia, 2014). The country maintains the vision of productive development that satisfies the wants of in excess of a billion of the people. The Foreign and nearby speculators have promoted the idea of market development strategies with the capable control of the human, and material assets alongside the specialized, legitimate, hardware and different administrations. Huge highlights of changing circumstance The administrative tricks of Indian culture imply the modern standards of retail portions on persuading possibilities regarding particular substances delivered by the business foundations with solid dutifulness to moral precepts, cost employable methodologies, methodological foundations, alongside mechanical establishment, piece of the overall industry esteems and numerous different targets. There are recovering and re-altering precepts of makingnoveldesigns of marketplaceallowance and variety of productsaccording to the interests for unobtrusivekinds of parts of the materialsfashioned by the assembling areas of Indian Retail(Tanselle, 2013).The Nation centers in capable set-ups of contraptions related with fitting examples ofscheming of able techniques for modern interests, treatment of basic information about retail, development of systems, component of reasonable gadgets and hardware utilized in cutting of items, etc. Figure: Projected insights of Indian retail division (Source: Anand, 2014) Worldwide effect of political, social, innovative and monetary situation The remarkable cases of plan of things and authenticsettlement of appropriation of stocks to improve the positive parts of regulatory guidelinesstate the standards of exchanging tobenefit the customer bases to duplicate adequate benefit for the applicablestuffs that please the veritable objective of utilization of possessions.The Administration has executed enemy of persecution and unbiasedness of human rights to approve the prerequisites of laborers and lift the lower and mediocrefacts of presence. The open managing of business chances grant the global legends to make reasonable types of preparation that remunerates the best in class techniques to extend the commercial center regions of commercialretail arrangements. The assurance of profiting the choice thing or business from other driving endeavors to comprehend the significant issues of obtainment would not be supported by the potential and standard customer bases. The customers generally slants to push ahead with away from and a ims toward ensured qualities of things or organizations that are available and even resulting to made sure about pieces. (Reza et al. 2011). There are long stretch practical undertakings of the retail associations to make legitimate and biologically captivating things to deliver a consolidated structure for joined, average and social, with helpful perspectives.This may add to give educational, proficient re-association of interests in clear bearing. The response of the devotees are coordinated by the organization and business establishments with changed instances of classes and goliath discusses focal points and debasements to enhance the status of the displays of the main establishment of retail industry. This allows the relationship to assess the criticalness of characteristics concerning the recommendations and the associated plans of the budgetary masters, investors, providers, wholesalers, organizers of managing frameworks of Governmental area alongside things and buyers (Machado, 2015). The appraisal of the inescapable principles and tenets of business strategies are watched and explored to faultlessly change the fundamental approaches to manage creation and pass on the things in a capable and result-arranged way. The last clarifications of fiscal consequences and aftereffects of displays are conveyed in the media to make care among the specialists of the association and the group. There are quantifiable and numerical portrayals of the numerical information circulated through the examination of explicit Company's report. This would complement on the improvement of a solid customer intensity of different arrangements of people autonomous old enough, class, sex religion or race. The speculative thought of high ground shows the explanation of fierce perspective that creates and makes with the specialization of positive and convinced focuses in regards to key superfluities. The forceful degree of dealing with the specific relationship of the Rival units enables activities of wining soul to outperform the shows of the opposingcollaborators. The readied and experienced assembling of people can join to accomplish the mindful game plan of exercises and accomplish a pleasing situation to lead the business undertaking. There are significant essentials of technologists, cash related assets, mechanical assemblies and equipment, dominance workforce in grouped kinds of territories to cross the obstacles with sure turns of events and achieve powerful penetration of key comfort (Swanson, 2013). According to the key examination, the obligated point of view of the displays and enormous decisions lead to the meaning of key conventions to comprehend the certifiable qualities of the components of the business condition. The fitting sorts of norms and moralities according to the capacity of moved resources amasses the turnpikes of plan to proceed with specific site of business segment and setting the attention on purchasers that speaks to the socio-calm and physical establishment. The unique significant purposes of publicizing the image of checked things and yields make a consistent and free introduction of measures of the endeavor. There must be improved instances of enlightening heights of connected workplaces among the different accomplices (Dhliwayo, 2014). The Market progressing Theoretical doctrinesanalyses and passes on the overall examination of sections of the business place other than making imaginative course of action of complete arrangement of operational premiums to get the spectators of the nation. The spot of the claim to fame units inside the business part is portrayed by proper strategy for comparable investigation of the result and effect of foe relationship to extend the business section. The key record wonderful to the events of the useful substance is associated with the particular game plan of notices to fight with its rivals and the business (Hoffman et al. 2014). Figure: Comparative Analysis of retail data (Source: Anand, 2014) References Anand, A. (2014). Pestel in retail. Slideshare.net. Recovered 2 August 2016, from https://www.slideshare.net/armaananand16/pestel-in-retail Anastasia, P. (2014) European Judicial Training: Promoting The Development Of Standardized Training Materials And An Interactive Training Methodology. Period Forum 15(3), pp. 319-324. Dhliwayo, S. (2014). Business enterprise and Competitive Strategy: An Integrative Approach. Diary of Entrepreneurship, 23(1), pp.115-135. Hoffman, A., Corbett, C., Joglekar, N. Wells, P. (2014). Modern Ecology as a Source of Competitive Advantage. Diary of Industrial Ecology, 18(5), pp.597-602. Machado, C (2015). Global Human asset Management: difficulties and changes Springer Olsen, TH., Stensaker, I. (2013). A Change-Recipient Perspective On Training During Organizational Change. Universal Journal of Training and Development 18(1), pp. 22-36. Reza Amini, M., Balarastaghi, E., Branch, B. (2011). Widespread Neural Network Demodulator for Software Defined Radio. IJET, 3(3), pp 263-268. https://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijet.2011.v3.235 Swanson, R. (2013). Supporting upper hand by receiving coordinations and flexibly chain the board programming: an exploration motivation grounded in asset advantage hypothesis. Worldwide Journal of Logistics Economics and Globalization, 5(2), pp.81. Tanselle, G. (2013). The Culture of Correction in Renaissance Europe. Regular Knowledge, 20(1), 144-145. https://dx.doi.org/10.1215/0961754x-2374997

Professional Resume Writer Wants to See Clients Land Their Dream Jobs

Professional Resume Writer Wants to See Clients Land Their Dream Jobs This past Sunday, thanks to the hard work of my publicist Scott Becher, I was featured in the “Executive QA” section of the Wisconsin State Journal. I invite you to take a look and find out more about how I got to where I am today. Some teasers on what you will discover: Why transitioning from a lawyer in NYC to a resume writing business owner in Madison, WI was not as huge a leap as it might seem Why I made that leap and why I’m glad I did What the story is with certified resume writers What makes Madison, WI an ideal place to live and to start a business Why job seekers will benefit from hiring a professional resume writer How I helped an executive land a job as a sorority house mother What success means to me What’s coming next for The Essay Expert (stay tuned for my New Year’s Ressaylutions for more on that topic)! Please enjoy the read, and share with anyone in your life, especially those at an executive career level, who would benefit from an expertly written resume and LinkedIn profile. This is college admissions season as well, and deadlines are approaching, so if you know someone who is struggling with an application essay, send them my way! As the holidays approach, I also recommend you check out an article I wrote last year on how to increase your happiness by giving gifts. Have a wonderful start to your holiday season! Save Save Save Save

Compare System Thinking And Learning Organization . System

Compare System Thinking and Learning Organization System thinking is having the ability and critical thinking skill to create a well develop system. According to Arnold (2015) System thinking is based on interacting or interdependent within a group or whole (Arnold Wade, 2015, p. 670). The interacting and interdependent depends on the characteristics of interconnections which is how the characteristics relate to each other and the feedback that it gets from each other. This is a very important part to determine system thinking, behavior as well as its function and purpose (Arnold Wade, 2015). The system test can closely examines according to Arnold (2015) notes elements, interconnection, goals and function (Arnold Wade, 2015, p.†¦show more content†¦3. A Sympathetic system structure- this is where system structure is used in order to understand and recognizing how the system behavior and its interconnections along with feedback on system structure. 4. The types of stocks, flows, and variables- stock is part of the system resources, flows the change in the different levels, variables consist of part of the system that is changeable and can affect the stocks and flows (Arnold Wade, 2015, p. 677). 5. Recognizing and understanding the non-linear relationships- this is part of the Hopper Stave element which bring out the stocks, flows and variables that refers to non-linear nature. 6. Accepting dynamic behavior- the dynamic behavior is broken down in stocks, flows, and variables this part of the dynamic behavior system. It also brings to light emergent behavior that clearly explains the dynamic behavior and its interconnection to the feedback loops that can identify the non-linear relationship to dynamic behavior. 7. Decreasing the complexity of modeling systems conceptually- this model stems from Hopper Steve by using the conceptual models it gives leaders the ability to look at the different part of the system in order to view the current system in a different way to decrease the level of complexity. 8. Describing the system on different scales- it understands and recognizingShow MoreRelatedSystems Theory Of Systems Thinking Essay1445 Words   |  6 PagesSystems Thinking in Organizations Systems thinking described human thinking in a spiritual activity of the brain, that is, brainwork, following the concept of being as the spiritual alive body. It asserts that thinking means the processing of information that is essential for the management of the human body life (Broks, 2016). 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Money And Marriage In Pride And Prejudice - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 553 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2019/06/12 Category Literature Essay Level High school Topics: Pride and Prejudice Essay Did you like this example? Taking place around the early 19th century, the story presents itself with the Bennets, who have five unmarried daughters that a searching for a candidate to be their husband. Money is the deciding factor for their marriage, so when a rich bachelor named Mr. Bingley arrives into their neighborhood and begins to show affection to the oldest Bennet sister named Jane, the motions of drama are set. However, despite Mr. Bingleyrs strong first impressions on everyone, he is accompanied by his ruthless sisters and his friend, Mr. Darcy, who does not want to see Mr. Bingley succeed and marry. Mr. Bingley continues to fall deeper in love with Jane, while Jane does not show her true feelings to Mr. Bingley despite advice given to her to show them. As well, Mr. Darcy also begins to become fascinated with Elizabeth despite his arrogance and sternness towards Elizabeth. Mr. Collins is the next bachelor met, and is going to inherit the estate after Mr. Bennet dies. He decided that it would be fate for a marriage between him and one of the daughters to keep the estate within the family. Mr. Collins has a strong attraction to Elizabeth, who definitely does not like him in the slightest. Up next on the bachelor list is the military officer named Mr. Wickham who becomes friends with Elizabeth after explaining an entire story on how Mr. Darcy completely destroyed his life. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Money And Marriage In Pride And Prejudice" essay for you Create order Drama, as promised, begins to kick into overdrive when the Bennet girls go to a Netherlands ball. In a span of twenty four hours, the ball features Darcy asking Elizabeth for a dance, Mr. Collins proposing to Elizabeth (and being denied), Elizabethrs good friend Charlotte instead taking her spot as Mr. Collins fiancee, and Jane gets broken up over a letter by Mr. Bingleyrs sister. Jane, to get over her broken heart, and Elizabeth, to see her newly married friend Charlotte, travel to London together to stay with their aunt and uncle. Mr. Darcy meanwhile also travels to London to visit his aunt and meets up once again with Elizabeth. Darcy, who is somewhat eager to see Elizabeth once again, decides it is the perfect moment to propose to her. Elizabeth previously learned that Mr. Bingley was going to ask Jane to marriage before Mr. Darcy got involved, and therefore did not take the arrogant bachelorrs hand in marriage. Mr. Darcy decides to clear the air the next day and gives her a let ter which explains Wickhamrs crimes and how Darcy believed that Jane was only in the relationship for the money. Elizabeth, with her aunt and uncle, take a trip down to Derbyshire and visit Darcyrs Pemberley estate, where Darcy was gratefully out of town during. Not only did the housekeeper have kind words to say about Darcy, but when Darcy arrived home early, he was completely the opposite as he was before as he was filled with manners and respect. Meanwhile, Lydia and Wickham run away together and that situation had the potential to ruin the familyrs reputation. However, after Lydia and Wickham are found, it is discovered that Darcy had protected their familyrs reputation by paying off Wickhamrs debts with the small price of having Wickham marry Lydia. Finally, Elizabeth and Darcy walk alone and decide to start anew and mutually agree to marry.

Trends in Communication Technology Free Essays

TechnoloCharlotte Cole XCOM 285 November 23, 2012 Technology Trendy Communication Technology changes constantly and it may be difficult for businesses to always be able to keep up with the new technological trends that arise. Many companies do what they are able to and try to use technology as much as they can to promote their business and communicate with their current and potential customers. In today’s technological world we have the internet, cellphones, and social media to communicate with customers in addition to the old fashion way of commercial and other ads. We will write a custom essay sample on Trends in Communication Technology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many businesses use Facebook and Twitter to promote their business because they are and the only cost involved (if you do not work on these accounts yourself) would be the manpower to keep these pages up-to-date. Cell phones are another way to communicate with customers but sending out mass text messages and coupons that can be used; I am not sure what cost is involved with this method. I do see many businesses use social media and other forms, but the larger companies seem to take advantage of technology the most. Keeping up-to-date websites is extremely important, but again this can be costly due to hiring someone to keep the site up and time consuming. My company is having a problem with this, which I feel affects our business because I daily have to contact customers with corrections on designs and colors of our products. I see there is a cost in using some of the different methods, such as running a banner on specific websites, having your own website or having your business website appears on Google, so this may limit many smaller businesses from using technology as much as they would like to. I do think that businesses use technology as much as they can and try to constantly look into new ways to promote. How to cite Trends in Communication Technology, Essay examples

What Is Science Essay Example For Students

What Is Science Essay What is Science?Several dictionary definitions of science in Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary define science as a system of knowledge about a specific topic. The systems come from systematic, or precise, observations of natural events; a random example would be the study of the movement of a caterpillar. This very fact would make one think that science encompasses every topic in the world. It amazingly does; from apples to zucchini (in the science called botany). Science is not just the â€Å"systems† of Chemistry, Physics, and Biology as traditionally known. It is the systems of our knowledge about everything on this planet, beyond, and even the human race. Science is an action word in most cases. I am witnessing the topics in the science of anatomy and physiology as type this home-lesson: the blood vessels supplying blood to my bones are allowing me to move my fingers and press the keys. Furthermore, science is a vehicle for change in our society today. The systems of knowledge are communicated by scientists through science media such as journals, web-sites (the internet), newspapers and through person-to-person interaction. At Tufts University a Ph.D. student may share his experiment on drug metabolism rates in the form of a presentation; moreover, someone in his same lab might use points from his research as a stepping stone or bridge leading and connecting, respectively their research to success. Science is what we are and what shapes our world. Science Essays

Are Religious Beliefs and Practices Changing to Reflect a New Era of Diversity and Choice free essay sample

In the recent years there has been evidence to support that religious activity and religious beliefs are declining in the UK e. g. the rise of new religious movements such as Jehovah’s witnesses (sect), but some sociologists reject this and say that religion isn’t declining it is just changing to fit into a more increasingly changing society. Davie is one of these sociologists; in her view religion is taking a different, more privatised form. She explains this by giving the example of that people no longer go to church because they feel they have to or because it is respectable to do so. She says that although churchgoing has declined it is simply because attendance is now a matter of personal choice rather than the obligation it use to be. As a result there is believing without belonging, where by people hold religious beliefs but don’t go to church. We will write a custom essay sample on Are Religious Beliefs and Practices Changing to Reflect a New Era of Diversity and Choice? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Therefore the decline of traditional religion is matched by the growth of the new form of religion. Davie also notes a trend towards vicarious religion, whereby people are experiencing religion second hand. This is a typical pattern in Britain and northern Europe. In these societies people still use the church for rites of passage, rituals that make a change of status such as baptisms, weddings and funerals. Similarly Bibby’s findings show that only 25% attended church but 80% said they have religious beliefs, identified positively with religious traditions and turned to religious for rites of passage. Although they rarely went to church, they continued to be interested in the supernatural. This shows that people are now choosing whether or not to go to church as now it is not seen as an obligation to go and therefore is creating more choice and it shoes that it is becoming more of a personal choice and individualised which is creating more levels of religiosity. However there are some critics of her theory of believing without belonging such as Voas and Crockett show evidence from the British Social Attitudes survey shows that both church attendance and beliefs in God are declining. If Davie were right there would be higher levels of beliefs. Burce adds that if people are not willing to invest time in going to church it reflects the declining strength of their beliefs. He states when people no longer believe they wish on longer to belong and their involvement in religion diminishes. Similar to Davies, Hervieu-Leger continues the theme of personal choice and believing without belonging. She agrees that there has been a decline in institutional religion in Europe, with fewer people attending church in most countries. She says this is partly because of cultural amnesia and as a result of this it has allowed children in today’s society to decide which religion to follow themselves. They now have no fixed religiosity identity and they are ignorant of traditional religion. A consequence of this is that it undermines traditional institutional religion and has now become individual consumerism; people today feel they have a choice as consumers of religion and have become spiritual shoppers. We now develop our own ‘do it yourself’ belief that gives meaning to our lives and fits in with our interests and aspirations. Religion is becoming a spiritual journey in which we choose the elements we want to explore and the groups we wish to join, as an individual rational choice. As a result of this Hervieu-Leger argues that two new religious types are emerging. Pilgrims that follow an individual path in a search for self discovery and converts which join religious groups that offer a strong sense of belonging. As a result of these trends religion no longer acts as the source of collective identity. Her view can be related to late modernity. This is the notion that in recent decades some of the trends within modern society have begun to speed up, such as the decline of tradition and the increase of individualism. This explains the weakening of traditional institutions e.g. the Church and Mosque as well as the growing importance of individual choice in matters of religion e. g. self healing. Hervieu-Leger’s view backs up that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice because of the fact that people are now choosing what to belief in and choosing different parts of different religions to belief in, rather t han religiously following the teachings of the bible without question. Lyon describes how globalisation has increased the movements of ideas and beliefs across national boundaries. Due to the central role played by postmodern society by the media and information technology, which saturates us with images and messages from around the globe. These ideas have become disembedded, for example the electronic church and televangelism disembed religion from the real, local churches and relocated it on the internet allowing believers to express their faith without physically attending church. Lyon describes a harvest day crusade held not in church but at Disneyland as an example of how the boundaries between different areas of social life become blurred in postmodern society. As a result religion becomes de- institutionalised, being removed from their original location in the church, they become a cultural resource that individuals can adapt for their own purposes. Also postmodern society involves the growth of consumerism and especially the idea that we now construct our identities through what we choose to consume. Similar to what Hervieu-Leger emphasises that we act as a spiritual shopper. We no longer have to sign up to any one religious tradition, instead we can pick and mix elements of different faiths to suit our tastes and make them part of our identity. According to Lyon we have become religious consumers making conscious choices about which elements of religion we find useful. An effect of this is having a great variety of religious products to choose from is a loss of faith in Meta narratives. Now people have access to a wide range of different and competing versions of the truth and therefore dominant religious organisations and traditions lose their authority and decline. In a result being replaced by new religious movements that we can sample. This gives people more of a choice and range in what they as an individual want to belief in as people are becoming religious consumers. However critics argue that of Bruce that argues that consumerist religion that Lyon describes is weal religion it has little effect on lives of its believers. Also some sociologists argue that a spiritual revolution is taking place, that traditional Christianity is giving way to holistic spirituality or new age beliefs and practices that emphasis personal development and subjective experience. Heelas and Woodhead come up with two groups the congregation domain and the holistic milieu which show that the holistic milieu becoming more popular. The religious market theory contributes to this. The main sociologists are Stark and Bainbridge that come up with the concept of a cycle of religious decline revival and renewal. They describe a perpetual cycle throughout history, with some religious declining and others growing ant attracting new members. For example churches decline they leave a gap in the market for sects and cults to attract new followers. They state that the demand for religion increases when there are different sorts to choose from because consumers can find one that meets their needs. By contrast when there is a religious monopoly it leads to the decline. This is because without competition a church has no incentive to provide people with what they want. They also argue that the demand for religion is greatly influenced by the quality and variety of religion on offer and the extent to which it responds to people’s needs. However Norris and Inglehart show that levels of religious participation exist in catholic countries where the church has a near monopoly such as Ireland and Venezuela. By contrast, countries with religious pluralism, such as Holland and Australia, often have low levels of participation. This contradicts Stark and Bainbridges theory. Also critics of the religious market theory are the existential security theory. Norris and Inglehart reject religious market theory on the grounds that it only applies to America and fails to explain the variations in religiosity between different societies. Norris and Inglehart argue that the reason for variations in religiosity between societies is not different degrees of religious choice but different degrees of existential security. For example poor societies have less security and therefore likely to be more religious but richer societies that are more secure are more than likely to have lower levels of religiosity. An alternative approach that can explain some of these trends is Bruce’s theory cultural defence and transition. This shows higher than average levels of religiosity. Cultural defence is where religion provides a focal point for the defence of national, ethic, local or group identity in a struggle against an external force such as a hostile foreign power. Cultural transition is where religion provides support and sense of community for ethic groups such as migrants to a different country or culture. Bruce argues that religion survives in such situations only because it is a focus for group identity. Overall there is evidence to support the view that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice. Such as that of Davie and believing without belonging and vicarious religion and that it is becomes increasingly privatised and a matter of personal choice. Evidence from Hervieu-Leger also supports this and her concept of spiritual shopping that the diversity of choice that there is to choose from. The idea of a spiritual revolution supports this. Lyon and religious consumerism, the fact that people are constructing their identities though what we choose to consume. However there are theories such as the existential security theory that argue the level of religion we have isn’t due to the diversity and choice we have but the amount of existential security they have. And also Bruce’s theories of cultural defence and transition. In conclusion there are many arguments but there are more to support that religious beliefs and practices are changing to reflect a new era of diversity and choice.

Simple Conjugations of Danser, French for to Dance

Simple Conjugations of Danser, French for to Dance When you want to dance in French, which verb would you use? If you answered  danser, then youd be correct. The similarity of the English and French words makes it an easy one to remember. Its also a relatively simple verb to conjugate into the past, present, or future tense. Conjugating the French Verb  Danser Danser  is a  regular -er verb. It follows a standard verb conjugation pattern which is found in the majority of French verbs. This means that learning it is just a little easier, particularly if youve already memorized words like  dà ©cider  (to decide) and  cuisiner  (to cook). For the simplest verb conjugations, begin by identifying the verb stem:  dans-. To this, we will add a variety of infinitive endings to pair the subject pronoun with the appropriate tense of the subject. For instance, I dance becomes je danse while we will dance is nous danserons. Subject Present Future Imperfect je danse danserai dansais tu danses danseras dansais il danse dansera dansait nous dansons danserons dansions vous dansez danserez dansiez ils dansent danseront dansaient The Present Participle of  Danser Add the ending -ant  to the stem of  danser  to create the  present participle  dansant. This is a verb, though it can be an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The Past Participle and Passà © Composà © The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common form of the past tense danced in French. To construct it, conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject pronoun, then attach the  past participle  dansà ©. Its quite simple when it comes together. For example, I danced is jai dansà © and we danced is nous avons dansà ©. More Simple  Danser  Conjugations There may be times when you need to use one of the following forms of  danser  as well. However, the conjugations above should be your primary focus at first. You can use the subjunctive verb mood when the action of dancing is uncertain. In a similar fashion, the conditional verb mood implies that the dancing will only occur  if  something else happens. In literature, you may also come across the passà © simple or the imperfect subjunctive. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je danse danserais dansai dansasse tu danses danserais dansas dansasses il danse danserait dansa dansà ¢t nous dansions danserions dansà ¢mes dansassions vous dansiez danseriez dansà ¢tes dansassiez ils dansent danseraient dansà ¨rent dansassent For stating  danser  in short exclamations, requests, or demands, the imperative form is used. For instance, Lets dance! is Dansons ! When creating these, skip the subject pronoun as its implied in the verb itself. Imperative (tu) danse (nous) dansons (vous) dansez

Meteorological Satellites Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Meteorological Satellites Systems - Essay Example These characteristics formed the basis on which most of the theoreticians worked on to provide information about the atmosphere. However, these characteristics ware not enough to provide more precise information about the atmosphere yet such information was of great significance in predicting meteorological parameters and conditions. The introduction of computers and mathematical models resulted in an increased demand for observational data that was adequately sampled and reliable both in time and space. This was due to the fact that the atmosphere forecast models depended strongly on the initial atmosphere state that had been reached at through assumptions. Better data was needed as even after this initial information, there were still many areas that were left without atmospheric soundings that were conventional. Before the discovery of weather satellites, the weathermen work was almost impossible as they were handicapped with very limited information before them about the atmosphe res state at any time (Kidder and VonderHarr, 1995). Even after the world war period when observational networks were expanded by most of the meteorological services from different nations, the global vast land areas that were sparsely populated as well as the large areas covered by oceans remained virtually blank with regards to conventional meteorological observations. The introduction of metrological satellites was a major step towards overcoming all these deficiencies. Satellite imagery has since its discovery proved to be a vital information source in forecasting operations. The images serve various important functions in the metrological field including; a tool used for analysis mostly when dealing with data from the tropics, a vital aid during forecast conducted in short periods before rainfall, cloud, and floods, serves as an input to weather prediction  models mostly dealing with numbers so as to define initial conditions, and used to monitor forecast models.

Implementing Strategy & Managing Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Implementing Strategy & Managing Change - Essay Example The crux of the solution is to facilitate a sense of participation to all the stakeholders associated with the issue to solicit maximum cooperation and compliance. This report concerns the implementation of the proposal regarding setting the standard time in which a fire engine arrives at a location at 12 minutes. This proposal though being placed as an inalienable part of the current RMP has come across stiff resistance from the trade unions, government officials and the public. A successful implementation of this proposal necessitates the appraisal and understanding of the external environment in which the organization operates and identifying the salient cultural, political and technical constraints responsible for augmenting such resistance for this proposal (Greener & Hughes, 2006). It was found that extending a sense of ownership and participation to the stakeholders associated with and impacted by the issue would certainly go a long way in assuring a successful implementation of this proposal (Beitler, 2006). As per the existing best practices corroborated three years ago, a fire engine is expected to arrive at 65 percent of the fire incidents within 5 minutes and at 90 percent of the locations in 8 minutes (London Safety Plan, 2008/2011). As per the available data, in the last three years, the fire engines failed to reach at 65 percent of the incidents within 5 minutes (London Safety Plan, 2008/2011). Hence, the attendance standards desperately need to be revised. Going by the current realities, there will also be instances where the fire engines will take more time then the one enshrined in the existing best practices, to arrive at a location. Hence, the setting the maximum time to 12 minutes is pragmatic and realistic. There exists a plethora of cultural factors causing resistance to the proposal under consideration. In the context of the fire and rescue services, London always commanded a peculiar background and attitude (Pepys, 1995).

Impact Of E Commerce On Adidas

Impact Of E Commerce On Adidas The next of kin of Adidas registered and laid a foundation named after Adi Dassler in 18th August, 1949. According to a source, removable studs were athletes, footballer footwear choices. Its first soccer appearance was the miraculous victory of Germany against Hungary named as Miracle of Bern in 1954. The presiding years were a talk through aiding an unconventional performance, commitment that desire athletes both from indoors (table to lawn tennis) and outdoors (short to long jumps) etc events. A remarkable high jumper Fosbury Dick stepped into lime light in Adidas foot wear world in the late 1960s. The company has progressed from the death of Adi Dassler to the era of his family members including wife, son and daughters 1980s. with new management in place, where the company CEO became the driving force with Robert Louis Dreyfus reshaping its early functions from being manufacturing and sales to marketing company in 1990. This transition processed to a public liability company, floating on Frankfurt and Paris Stock Exchange in 1995. While in 1996, it achieved a 50% apparel sales increase which recorded its splendid year. As in December 1997, Adidas acquired a Salomon Group (Bonfire, TaylorMade, Salomon and Mavic) renaming as Adidas Salomon AG. The momentum of the new brand started gaining ground with a noticeable digit during the first half of 1999. Remarkably produce efficiency programmes and ambitious growth in 2000. The Olympic Summer Games and the European Soccer Championship, where Ian Thorpe takes three gold medals, contribute to the companys growth. In January 2006, Adidas bought over Reeboky a well known sporting goods industry as its competitive worldwide platform while beginning wider range of product, stronger presence and dominance across athletes, teams, leagues and events. In May the same year, Adidas was renamed from Adidas Salomon AG to Adidas AG were her core strength was narrowed in the apparel, golf category and athletic footwear market. How it used to do business and how e-commerce has transformed its method of working. Adidas earlier business days used to be from factory to warehouse and distributing to different locations, supplying to larger shops. Then, they advertise their goods and service via TV, Radio, and Billboards. But today e-commerce has changed it all by emerging innovation of ecommerce interest. A lot has seen the profit made from this technology and more are still on its way while transforming the pattern businesses transact with each other, in the awake of globalization Online market has not risen to a new height with the significant growth of e-commerce. More also, there has been a communication aspect of customer service to consider, by e-commerce, they found a way by communicating to their customers in electronic. Companies offer a higher percentage of independence for customer products and services of which its top notch deliverable is communicated. So, in that way web and the internet have made it easier for their customers to see what product they want online and order and pay online. The E-commerce Advantages and Disadvantages on Adidas. Customers empowerment: It is a trend that will continue with greater broadband penetration. The adoption of mobile browsing further increases accessibility and the use of social networking sites. This connectivity between consumers offers marketers the opportunity to leverage a growth channel and face the disturbing reality that brands are no longer solely in charge of the information consumers have available to them. Consumers are undoubtedly firmly in control, and with this empowerment have come a greater sense of expectation around service levels and value, and also gives customer wider range to choose from. The objectives to reach diverse people, culture and region promote the sensation around a defined market niche becomes the primary focus of marketing and communication. Most marketing companies communicate with prospective customer in other to establish relationship that may or would result in lasting trust by volunteering free or a trial based product that will build expected brand awareness. Marketing communication maintains customers trust by providing information and reinforcing a purchase habit about the brand benefit. The main objective is based on maintaining a database of customers that would patronize company product and reinforce relationship for prospective retailers and customer base. And product range is where the customer can select online what good and whats not good for and decide what to shop online. Price is where you can check on the favourable goods which is lower is a different product and different company by differentiating which cheaper and better product to buy from. Many Associated costs both in financial and social terms. New skill sets: By increasing awareness, technology and globalisation demand with a new approach from the learning and development specialist. The challenge today is about creating an effective environment in which learners develop the relevant knowledge and skills. This requires a new mindset and skill set from learning and development specialist. Keeping up with technological changes and reviews the case for a global convergence of approach to learning, training and development and determines the extent to which the national cultural differences matter. Retraining staff: By giving employees renewed skills through retraining can be of benefits to them as well the company. This also means their employees are tooled up, which is always of benefit to the company and facing the world which is changing all the time. The present job market requires people to constantly need a portfolio of skills, which means turning a boost for staff if they are given retraining by their firm. Positions downsized or eliminated: Downsizing simply means lying off employees. Management staffs discuss in team determining the cost needed to reduce the expenses and what it takes to secure a high financial reserve. For these very reason downsizing occur, it is normally whereby it is the main fact that fewer employees are necessary to maintain a successful operation, and in many cases where technological advance or breakthrough makes it possible to replace a previously human job. It can also be caused by market or change in government policies which force corporate executives to make coinciding decisions regarding their staff. More also, the major problems in todays business world are the salaries being paid to the workers, since employers are not paying their workers high wages, the workers have little to put back into economy. This forces the companies to downsize to keep from going under. What risks both social and financial the company incurred in introducing an e-commerce system to an organisation. Talking of strategic risks,, there are also many practical risks to manage which if ignored, it can lead to bad customer experiences and bad news stories which lead to damage to the reputation of the company. However, if the customers experience a very bad service, and stop using it, and switch to other online option. Experience which can include the following: . Hackers penetrating the security of the system and stealing credit card details. . Problems of fulfilment of goods ordered online, meaning customer orders goes missing or is delayed and the customer never returns. . E-mail customer-service enquiries from the web site dont reach the right person and are ignored. . Web sites that fail because of a spike in visitor traffic after a pea-hour TV advertising campaign. . Involve in Potentially breaking privacy and data protection laws. The impact that e-commerce has had on its consumer. When exchange of money for goods services happen within or as a transaction between two or more people, its normally done in actual store through business making in person. Electronic commerce or e-commerce as it is widely known suddenly became much more common place, the ability to make a purchase solely on online without having to leave the home was a new idea that has since changed the face of business. Websites such as Amazon.com and Ebay.com were pioneers in this field. In this present days, there are lots of e-commerce websites that people can purchase items from, everything from books and clothing to groceries and pc, tv, phones can now be bought through a website, it all have an impact on economy. By servicing making a doctors appointment can be done through the internet. People can now shop online in the privacy of their own homes without ever having to leave. Using ATM makes it easy for withdrawing cash, and blog for comments. E-commerce has also made it easy for geographical reach, and also can help on online auction. How the company met the challenge of new technology. We can say it is all about improving performance, they explore new processes and technologies when environmental considerations comes in, then the companys team identifies the performance enhancing technology which allows them to build to build the high performance equipment in the most environmental friendly way. There are ways the company met the environmental issues, by change of infrastructure, environmental adaptation, how the component is made and the choice of materials. This is where the company will explore if the component can be thinner, using the less materials means, less waste, less embedded carbon. The component can be made from a lighter material, then that will also reduce carbon emissions, making them for a lookout for bio-based alternatives. Lastly, their current development involving the amount of glue used has been reduced by using laser welding or mechanical locking design, thereby reducing emission What security issues it encountered. Technology: Faces the problems of hackers which break into the entire networks using unsecured wireless devices or access point. Unauthorized users can piggyback onto unsecured networks to use the bandwidth to perform illegal activity and steal sensitive data. Hackers can flood the wireless network with data to make it unusable. Financial: The financial security issues which are complying with the respective applicable laws and regulations. Not ensuring full, fair and accurate, timely and comprehensible disclosure of information in reports, documents and all other publications prepared by them. Not ensuring the timely and accurate documentation of all business transactions in the Adidas group, and that all the assets and resources used by belonging to or entrusted to the Adidas group, are handled responsibly. By not maintaining and share the knowledge required for dealing with financial matters. Physical: In a business environments, physical security of the server maybe lacking or even nonexistent, they encounter problems with employees who steal or sabotage company data, with all the added risk of the network based attacks, the sever will be subjected to connecting it to the internet, keeping the server secured is more of a challenge. Like file security, share security, and password security. Documents which also commonly encountered security problems which can also use troubleshoot and resolve the problems quickly. Though with the password, file and network policies in place to secure access to the server, there is no substitute for solid physical security of the server, if anyone, thief or employee, has physical access to the server, company data can be deleted, compromised, or stolen. How it was able to take advantage of new distribution and sales channels. The function is organised in three distinctive channels, wholesales, retail and e-commerce. By creating business models, their aims are to service multiple customer and consumer needs to fully leverage brand potential, be more responsive to market developments and manage channel synergies by establishing best practices worldwide. They based on availability, convenience and breadth of product offering, as a result, continuously refining the distribution proposition with a strong focus on controlled space includes: . Own-retail business . E-commerce . Mono-branded franchise stores . Joint ventures with retail partners . Co-branded stored with sport organisations and brands To increase the global brand presence and ensure further growth of our business, their global sales function has set up a comprehensive initiative called integrated distribution roadmap. The initiative encompasses a joint approach between the three channels to identify where they want their brands to be represented and in which distribution format in key markets. The initiative will allow us to define how best to capture the consumer in the biggest and most attractive cities around the world without cannibalising the brands and distribution mix. The roadmap is designed to ensure market share growth in underpenetrated affluent cities. Examine what impact that e-commerce has had on the business. The impact of e-commerce on the business has been huge success by enabling businesses and consumers to connect with each other to exchange and share information anyway anytime. Has also made an impact on warehousing space reduction, wider range of customers, more commendation, stock control, stock/share trading. Establishing an online presence to maintain their competitive edge, along with high speed internet connections, the internet has become an essential tool for any business to compete domestically of globally. Businesses are developing web sites to provide their consumers and business partner with information. Show specific reference to increased competition. Several competing firms which are fiercely competing with Adidas which include Nike, Umbro, Puma, Fila, Reebok and Fortune Brands Inc. Adidas did ensure that their goods are high quality at a reasonable price in order to keep the market share. Lower overheads/increased sales etc. Financial expenses income up: Increased income of 28% to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬133 million in 2010 from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬19 million prior year, mainly due to an increase in interest income as well as positive currency exchange rate effect. The sales development is driven by the positive rising in consumers confidence as the global economy continues to improve. Financial expenses decrease: Financial expenses decreased 34% to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 113 million in 2010 (2009: à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 169 million). The non-recurrence of prior year negative currency exchange rate effects as well as lower interest expenses contributed to the decline. What legislation both old and new it had to deal with. Trademark: Its logos (three strides, the globe and trefoil devices), not limited to mark word as Adidas alone but all included, are registered trademarks of Adidas, unless state otherwise including affiliates. Not to use, copy, reproduce, republish, upload, distribute, modified and post transmit in any form from Adidas trademarks, without Adidas prior consent neither advertisement nor publication is permitted even though it might pertain major distribution gains on site materials. In any external internet site is the creation of links, hypertext, links or deep links between the site and other internet site is prohibited without the express consent of Adidas. Thus, this includes links to partners that may use Adidas logos as part of a co-branding agreement. Although Adidas seeks to protect the integrity of its site, the site can link to have their own separate privacy policy but Adidas is not responsible and cannot be liable for the content and activities of these sites. Copyrights: Adidas remains the sole owner of entire content contained in the copyright portfolio. Only if the specific or indicated documents within the site state otherwise but you remain unauthorized to print, download, audio, document, view, play, reproduce, license, produce, transfer or sale any content, but you may be authorized to view, play videos or audio found within the site information, personal and non-commercial purposes only. Nevertheless, if authorized under the law relating to copyright, you may not reuse any Content without first obtaining the consent of Adidas. In downloading software applications such as; videos, wallpaper, icon and screensavers etc. from the Site, these software, includes any files, images incorporated in or generated by the software, and data accompanying the software are licensed to you by Adidas. Adidas does not transfer title to the Software to you. You own the medium on which the Software is recorded, but Adidas retains full and complete title to the Software, and all intellectual property rights therein. You may not redistribute, sell, decompile, reverse engineer, disassemble, or otherwise reduce the Software to a human-readable form. Differing countries regulations and legislation: Its a world of different countries with different rules, regulations and laws, within each country rules, regulations and laws for that country apply. Your own countrys legislation does not apply to any other country. And another countrys legislation does not apply to your country. Different countries have different rules. Its a way of country of origin to differentiate the product. More also, its the requirements for a country of origin markings which are complex and depend on import country requirement for disclosure is essential too. While so many product made within European Union carry the marking Made in EU. Shipping products from one country to another will have to be marked with the country of origin, and country of origin trade preference programs, antidumping and government procurement. What monopoly powers it had to deal with both within its own market and issues affecting it. It had to deal with control and without any competition, since they have other competitors; it has to deal with price control. Like the Microsoft which is an example of monopoly, using its power in one area to gain market share in another area. Because it had a monopoly for web browsers Controlling different stages of production, new web browsers were at a disadvantage because it was too much effort to change from the wed default browser. Show how e-commerce has opened up new lines of communication within the company. E-mails: Electronic mail is a message sent across through the Internet, or a system for transferring messages between computers, mobile phone or other communications upload on the Internet. The time scales high when email servers are networked to all computers in big medium size company, the server have gateways which computer systems or networks enable all users to send information anywhere/anytime to any system in the world. All internet service provider (ISP) and online services enable rich messaging experience. Text: Its a fast way of communicating to customers and getting feedbacks, its a speed way of send sales promotions, confirmation of orders and confirmation of payments. Mobile phones: Which is known as Scan2buy, which is mobile phone services for e-commerce for company to maximise their profits and move into the growing mobile phone ecommerce market. Can also be used for of payment, its in operation in Japan, which helps customers to make purchase or transfer using simple text messaging on their mobile phones. Pagers: Its a product with a services and business communication solutions, by enhancing collaborative sharing of information in a grid pattern especially when the issue of e-commerce whose pivot lies on a very secure communication channel and data transmission layer for organizations reputation. E-Newsletters: This is a way for communication, to reach out to the customers, to make them aware of the companys product or services and to give them reason to buy the companys product. Its a type of communications includes the companys brochures and various forms of advertising, contact letters, websites and anything that makes the public aware of what the company do. Social networking: Social network is based on a social structure through internet-based social networking system through variety of websites that allows users to share content and interaction around similar interest. It has created a great opportunity for businesses to generate interaction with the present and potential customers through the web based sites established for the purpose. With the ongoing commitment, you can create a niche market through sites such as Twitter, MySpace and Facebook. Global impact of e-commerce: With the new payment systems such as the electronic cash, it has changed the customers financial lives and shakes the foundations of financial systems. Can help customers services greatly be enabling customers to find detailed information online, its a fast way of business operations. Conclusion: The Company has greatly gained a huge benefit by using e-commerce, because by using the new technology which introduces new frame of servicing experiments in other to deliver precise, fast, efficient, reliable and retrievable customer expectations.

Continuous Professional development Essay

Continuous professional development (CPD) is a framework of learning and development that ensures a professional’s competency, effectiveness, knowledge, skills and practice are continually kept up to date through ‘lifelong learning’ strategies and activities. There is not a fixed CPD standard or structure and a ‘one size fits all’ process would not work for all professions and individuals who work for companies with diverse objectives and working practices. The various approaches may have common themes and goals such as setting objectives for development and charting progress towards them, or asking questions such as where I want to be, and how I plan to get there. Reflection is also a key element of the process. Just as important is the motivation and responsibility of professionals for keeping their own skills and knowledge up to date. An early definition of CPD was developed in 1986 by the Construction Industry Council (UK). However, Friedman et al. (2000) found that it was still the most commonly cited definition of CPD among UK professional bodies in 1999. ‘The systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of knowledge and skills, and the development of personal qualities necessary for execution of professional and technical duties throughout the individual’s working life’. The Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development (CIPD) suggest the following elements of a good and broad CPD structure. be a documented process be self-directed: driven by you, not your employer focus on learning from experience, reflective learning and review help you set development goals and objectives include both formal and informal learning. CIPD further suggest the benefits to CPD practitioners provides an overview of your professional development to date reminds you of your achievements and how far you’ve progressed directs your career and helps you keep your eye on your goals uncovers gaps in your skills and capabilities Opens up further development needs provides examples and scenarios for a CV or interview demonstrates your professional standing to clients and employers helps you with your career development or a possible career change. CPD can involve any relevant learning activity, whether formal and structured or informal and self-directed. Good CPD practice will include a variety of learning models that help professionals remain competent and up to date. Whatever the model or structure the process should highlight the needs of the job, strengths and weaknesses of learners and their future goals so learning gaps can be addressed. Listed below are examples and a short explanation of types of CPD learning and practice. The training model – often delivered by an expert in a classroom type environment. The award-bearing model – validation achieved via a standard or qualification. The deficit model – weak performance highlighted and measures taken to improve it. The cascade model – one learner cascading their learning down to other colleagues. The standards-based model – meeting standards, often highlighted in observations. The coaching/mentoring model – on the job training that includes shadowing. The community of practice model – secondment or interagency training initiatives. The transformative model – flexible approach involving many of the above models. My own development is based very much on the transformative model of CPD that involves a range of both formal and informal learning, this provides me with the up to date knowledge and skills I need to do my job competently. Schunk describes learning as, ‘Learning is an enduring change in behaviour or in the capacity to behave in a given fashion which results from practice or other forms of experience’. Schunk, Learning theories, 5th ed, 2008 Formal learning through training or qualification is often related to something specific, like a skill or competence. Formal training may include on-line and CD-ROM based courses or full or part time study leading to qualifications. Development on the other hand can be more informal and has a broader outlook on learning and may include private study such as reading, observing and reflection. Structured continual learning is important in any profession because new research and practices may require new knowledge and skills. For example the QCF Level 6 Diploma in Career Guidance and Development is one example of formal learning that I have considered and want to undertake. This is for both professional and financial reasons. Professionally it proves a level of academic ability, knowledge and credibility. It is the standard that many career companies now expect from professionals delivering career guidance in schools. Gaining the qualification should also help me remain competitive when applying for a job and hopefully keep me within a reasonable pay scale. Conferences, workshops and seminars also help keep professionals up to date with changes to practice and can be a vehicle for networks to be built up and experiences shared. On the job training such staff training, shadowing, secondment, coaching and mentoring all provide excellent provision for professionals to learn new skills and build up work based knowledge. Professionals may also learn by taking part in working groups or involvement in research projects. Babcock recognises the benefit of CPD and is committed to broadening and developing all employees’ knowledge and skills in the pursuit of excellence. They understand the process helps promote career development and ensure legislation and contractual agreements are met. The company handbook CPD at Babcock Education and Training – Guidance for Staff’, describes the process of CPD as, ‘’any activity which increases the knowledge, skills and understanding of staff, improves job satisfaction and raises company performance’’. The policy strongly advocates that practitioners should be accountable for their own personal growth and not solely rely on the company for training and development. It also requires professionals to maintain competent levels of learning as directed by their own professional bodies. If professionals are to be committed to their own CPD practice then there needs to be a certain level of self-motivation. Career Advisers as with all professionals need to remain competent to practice, regardless of whether they qualified yesterday, last year or twenty-five years ago. (Golding ; Gray, 2006) agree and suggest that the last day of professional training signals the beginning of lifelong learning. According to Maslow (1943) hierarchy of needs that suggests people are motivated by a range of wants such as basic needs from food and shelter right up to the final stage of self-actualization and fulfillment. Herzberg (1959) showed that to motivate an employee a business needs to create conditions that make them feel fulfilled in the workplace. He suggested motivators such as achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility and advancement will motivate the worker to want to succeed and do well. Both models recognise that when conditions are right workers want to do a good job and find satisfaction in their work. I would argue that professionals such as career advisers go further by recognising their duty of care to clients and desire to serve them well by providing the best service possible. This is only achieved by having up to date skills and a positive outlook on personal learning and development. CPD clearly benefits professionals, employers, customers and users. For it to be best utilised practitioners may need some form of CPD training. Learning how to learn is a skill in itself, Joyce and Showers (2001) suggest that a positive impact on performance is more likely if training is provided on it. Cunningham (2001) agrees and says ‘’It cannot be ‘caught; people must be trained in the process’’ A full understanding of the CPD process gives the practitioner a methodical and structured approach to their learning that can be flexible and involve a number of learning styles that best suits the learner’s needs. My own CPD practice and planning is assisted through various policies and templates implemented by Babcock. Supervision meetings with line-managers take place every 6-8 weeks where performance against SMART targets (objectives broken down to specific, measurable, achievable, realistic and timely goals) are discussed and feedback given. Before annual reviews take place a pre-review template is filled in by the member of staff. This process alone demands employees to take time to reflect on their past performance and draw attention to skill gaps and future training needs. Another template used during the annual review guides both practitioner and line-manager through the process. This tool asks questions that demands a certain level of thought and reflection. Questions are asked around time spent on an activity, why it was done, what was learned and can it be shared with others. The pre-review template and review process agree much with guided reflective theory developed by Johns (1995) where he suggests a series of questions can challenge the motivation and rationale for actions. These questions from a third party can help guide learners through the reflective process. Johns suggested reflective diaries and sharing experience with others can lead to a greater understanding than reflections done alone. Though I do not keep a written diary of reflection I do reflect constantly and can relate to Schon’s ‘reflection in action’ and ‘reflection on’ practice. I also incorporate much of Rolfe (2000) Driscoll’s (2000) thinking by asking what, so what and now what into my practice. Another simple strategy I endorse and find useful is SWOT analysis, a technique accredited to Albert Humphrey in the 1950’s that asks practitioners to scrutinize their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Practitioners can also be unaware of issues in their own practice, this is suggested by the Jo Harari window, developed by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1955; it proposes that others see things about us to which we may be blind. New objectives and action plans can then be agreed and formalised. Feedback from supervision and annual review meetings help to evaluate work and clarify agreed targets and future development tasks. The meetings also offer a platform to formally raise concerns or requests for training. A training request was made after I became aware of a number of young people in school who seemed to be unmotivated, withdrawn or depressed. I had no knowledge of mental health issues and felt out of my depth to offer solutions and wanted to be able to offer better front-line support. I approached my line-manager and it was suggested I investigate possible training options. I later attended three one day courses on adolescent mental health that were free of charge and run by Child and Adolescent Mental Health (CAMH). The training was around spotting mental health disorders, early intervention and ideas for support in school. Networking is also a valuable source of gathering information and developing support channels. It was through a network that I learned of the free training delivered by CAMHS. Another effective learning tool is observation. Feedback from formal interview observations and those from colleagues, teachers, pupils, parents and others has benefited my overall reflections and development by highlighting levels of performance. Critical thinking allows me to analyse different qualities, talents, views and opinions of others. I often ask myself whether I would have handled a situation differently to a colleague and would my actions have made the situation better or worse? Writing regular case studies has been useful when reflecting on my work. They help me focus on what went well and what hasn’t gone so well. The discipline of writing down events and analysing them requires much deeper thought processes. Attending regular training events and seminars ensures I remain up to date with new practice, law and policy changes. Training has broadened my knowledge around specialist areas such as homelessness and sex education. Some training programmes are also compulsory requirements of Babcock and include child protection training or online courses like equality and diversity. Attendance at staff meetings keep me up to date with events in the careers industry and practice at a local level. Often meetings include training workshops, group discussions and presentations from guest speakers. As a group member of the Career Development Institute I receive regular updates, advice and information on topical subjects through journals and annual conferences. In summary CPD is an investment that gives professionals a methodical structure to directly link learning with practice. It records learning undertaken and helps plot any future training. Confidence and professional credibility can be boosted and it may accelerate career advancement. Through creative thinking and tackling new challenges personal interest and job satisfaction can also be increased.

An Evaluation of the Relevance and Utility of Lean Manufacturing Approach to the Pharmaceutical Supply Chain

Introduction This critical analysis report is aimed at evaluating the relevance and utility of the Lean manufacturing approach to the pharmaceutical supply chain. It covers the principles and application of Lean manufacturing in supply chain management; its potential advantages to the management of quality and efficiency in pharmaceutical industry; and whether Lean is appropriate for the pharmaceutical supply chain. Novartis and Lundbeck case studies are used to describe how the Lean approach is applied to pharmaceutical industry. Principles of Lean manufacturing in supply chain management Lean thinking is a concept that describes a production philosophy aiming for progressive elimination of waste whist safeguarding the critical value (Ende 2011). According to (Sople 2012: 113), the principles of Lean manufacturing are â€Å"customer value, value stream analysis, demand pull, continuous flow, and waste elimination.† The purpose of a Lean supply chain network is to bring the lowest cost in differential customer value, which can be met through collaborative priorities in demand, real-time information on markets, and logistics delivery efficiencies, to name a few. The concept of networks of supply chain partners suggests that the success of companies is through their constant origination from new networks of supply chain partners in order to meet certain objectives. As a general rule, these constantly developing networks can act in response to the dynamic characteristic of customer demand (Sople 2012). The manufacturing function must not be the only domain to whic h Lean principles must be applied. Rather, it must also be applied across organisations in the supply chain to decrease the wastes usually associated with supply chain operations. The full benefit of Lean manufacturing and supply chain management necessitates that the scope of Lean implementations must go beyond a single function and must be structured as a part of managing relationships with customers and suppliers (Lambert 2008). It may therefore be analysed that with the adoption of Lean techniques, the management is tasked to align corporate activities with Lean manufacturing in supply chain management across organisational functions. Lean thinking also allows the organisation to direct business relationships with customers and suppliers. Application of Lean Principles Lean thinking is apparently applicable to pharmaceutical development and manufacturing (Wigglesworth and Wood, 2012). Lambert (2008) states that whilst the various material flows as well as flows of goods and information are the focus of Lean supply chain operations, Lean application to the management of supply chains is further from the physical flows of inventory. It also takes account of the entirety of the business relationship amongst firms. When a firm applies Lean manufacturing concepts to its supply chain management, it begins to focus on value drivers; revenue development; asset efficiency, and reductions in cost, inventory, and working capital. All of these are apparently beneficial to an organisation. Applying Lean thinking to supply chain management is very likely since both of them share commonalities, such as long-term perspectives, value and customer creation; systems view; and structured business relationships;amongst others (Lambert 2008). These commonalities indicate how much Lean thinking and supply chain management lend to each other. Based on this, one can conclude that Lean approaches are aligned to supply chain management and that the two are generally not in contrast with each other. Potential advantages of Lean approach to managing quality and efficiency in the pharmaceutical industry One of the potential advantages of Lean approach in the pharmaceutical industry is the reduction of cost of goods in pharmaceutical development and manufacturing. The implementation of Lean thinking can be carried out by developing workflows and infrastructures to reduce inventories (Ende 2011), which are in fact a target of quality and efficiency efforts within pharmaceutical companies. The concept of continuous manufacturing in pharmaceutical companies deals with the challenge of overproduction, which leads to surplus inventory and longer cycle teams. These are the focus of efficiency on which pharmaceutical companies must be engaged. Its significance is seen in the fact that excess inventory is considered the greatest waste because it brings upon itself certain costs related to the management, storage, and transport of inventories adding to the waste (Schneider 2010). Therefore, when Lean techniques are used, such wastes are reduced, if not totally eliminated within the pharmaceu tical firm. Novartis and H. Lundbeck case studies Novartis is one of the world’s largest pharmaceutical firms (Abreau 2013). The upstream part of its supply chain indicates flow of information and full visibility. Novartis uses product-to-demand technique based on demand, whereby its daily variable demand stream is integrated to production (AMR Research 2006). Between its levels of supply chain are limited visibility and flow of information (Abreau 2013). Despite being ranked number 2 behind Pfizer in cost of goods sold in 2006, Novartis decided to take on Lean principles and become the â€Å"Toyota of pharmaceuticals.† Using Lean principles, the company is focused on reducing its cycle time to 70 per cent and reducing spending by 40 per cent, as well as pursuing continuous manufacturing with raw materials going in one end of the chain and finished products coming out the other (AMR Research 2007). Along with this is the reengineering of every process and role, leveraging information technology, and setting up process-oriented teams in the absence of first-line supervisors so that personnel would report directly to one team leader (Shanley 2004). Here, one can see the application of Lean techniques to Novartis’ supply chain, thereby helping the company to improve its internal processes and eliminate waste. Lundbeck, on the other hand, is an international pharmaceutical firm that began its Lean adoption in 2005. The company went through certain phases in its Lean adoption, such as building consensus in the management group and running a range of Lean events and building a culture around these events. In the first phase, Lundbeck implemented 40 Lean events assisted by external experts, followed by 70 to 80 Lean events each year, with all personnel in the supply chain being involved (Simpler Consulting 2010). Through its adoption of Lean principles in its supply chain, the company was able to cut costs by 25 per cent. Workflow analysis within the organisation is also aided by video cameras, which leads to further improvements. Part of its Lean techniques adoption is the use of large bags instead of small box packaging, which reduced production delays from four hours to only an hour (Miller 2012). Is Lean appropriate to the pharmaceutical supply chain? Yes, Lean techniques are appropriate to the pharmaceutical supply chain. Despite Lean thinking’s origination from Toyota manufacturing, its adoption is still suitable to the pharmaceutical industry. In fact, its applicability is seen in the number of pharmaceutical companies that continue to adopt Lean manufacturing techniques. Although many of these techniques cannot be taken on to the more complex pharmaceutical manufacturing plants, their adoption mirrors the pursuit of increased optimisation (Shanley 200). Boyer and Verma (2010) surmise that whilst the original focus of developing Lean thinking is the manufacture of automobiles, it can still be applied to other industries. This is because Lean approach is more than a set of techniques but is a mindset for all personnel and managers who are focused on waste elimination and reduction of variability in the entirety of the business process. The advantage of Lean’s adoption in the pharmaceutical industry is the ability of pharmaceutical companies to experience logical rhythm through the supply chain. With the Lean enterprise, adaptive supply chain is carried out, causing the whole organisation to possess real-time process visualisation (Hafeli 2006). Argument for agility in the pharmaceutical supply chain Pharmaceutical companies are inclined to be bureaucratic, which results in several wastes in internal processes. With the application of Lean principles, pharmaceutical companies are able to strengthen their relative agility (Radeka 2013). This would mean that despite the relative limitation of the application of Lean principles in the pharmaceutical supply chain as pointed by WCI Consulting Limited (2011), the result is still improved agility in the supply chain. Apparently, the need for agility in supply chain management is founded on decreasing product life cycles and demand patterns of increasingly volatile markets. Sweeney (2009) points out that Lean is not enough, that agility in supply chain is required because of emphasis on speed, with time being a major competitive weapon. This argument is reasonable given the rapidly changing market in which pharmaceutical companies operate. However, as emphasised above, Lean thinking is also applicable to the pharmaceutical industry. An argument arising about the adoption of Lean thinking in the pharmaceutical industry is the risk that goes with it. Such adoption is said to put the supply chain to increased vulnerability to disruptions and unpredictable events due to lack of slack on which to withdraw. With Lean techniques making the supply chain vulnerable, a question that may come up is whether this would mean Lean is not suitable at all. The answer is pharmaceutical companies can apply Lean techniques to cut costs and adopt agility in order to obtain supply chain resilience, as pointed out by WCI Consulting Limited (2011). Conclusion This paper provides a critical analysis of the relevance and utility of Lean techniques in the pharmaceutical supply chain. Lean thinking allows the elimination of wastes and cost reduction in pharmaceutical companies. Lean supply chain considers the entirety of the business relationship amongst firms. Reduced costs of goods and reduced inventories are the potential advantages of Lean approach in the pharmaceutical industry. Novartis and Lundbeck case studies provide an example where Lean techniques and supply chain management become integrated. Despite the effectiveness of agility in supply chain management, Lean cannot be set aside as a valuable tool. References Abreau, P. E. M. (2013) An ANP Model to Support Decision-Making in a Portuguese Pharmaceutical Supply Chain. Reterived on March 22, 2014 from http://run.unl.pt/bitstream/10362/10724/1/Abreu_2013.pdf AMR Research (2006) Supply Chain Saves the World. US: AMR Research, Inc. AMR Research (2007) Risk!: Navigating an Uncertain World. US: AMR Research Inc. Boyer, K. and Verma, R. (2010) Operations and Supply Chain Management for the 21st Century. First Edition. Mason, OH: South-Western, Cengage Learning. Ende, D. J. (2011) Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry: R&D to Manufacturing. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons. Hafeli, R. (2006) Enabling Lean and Compliant Manufacturing at Novartis with SAP. Denver: SAP Adaptive Manufacturing Summit, September 28. Lambert, D. M. (2008) Supply Chain Management: Processes, Partnerships, Performance. Sarasota, FL: Supply Chain Management Institute. Miller, G. (2012) Lean Earns Lundbeck Big Prize, Cost Cuts. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http://www.fiercepharmamanufacturing.com/story/lean-earns-lundbeck-big-prize-cost-cuts/2012-01-18 Radeka, K. (2013) The Mastery of Innovation: A Field Guide to Lean Product Development. NW: CRC Press. Schneider, O. (2010) Adding Enterprise Value: Mitigating Investment Decision Risks by Assessing the Economic Value of Supply Chain Initiatives. Zurich: vdf Hochshulverlag AG Shanley, A. (2004) Novartis Goes Lean. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http://www.pharmamanufacturing.com/articles/2004/111/ Simpler Consulting (2010) Lean Management of the Pharmaceutical Sector Brings Increased Efficiency and Improved Quality While Increasing Profits. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http://www.simpler.com/success-stories/Lundbeck_Case-Study.pdf Sople, V. V. (2012) Supply Chain Management: Text and Cases. New Delhi: Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd. Sweeney, E. (2009) Lean, Agile and Resilient Pharmaceutical Supply Chains: Jargon or ActionIrish Pharmachem Buyers Guide (September), 38-39. WCI Consulting Limited (2011) Keeping the Supply Chain Agile. Retrieved on March 22, 2014 from http://www.wcigroup.com/Nostrapharmus/Keeping%20the%20supply%20chain%20agile.pdf Wigglesworth, M. and Wood, T. (2012) Management of Chemical and Biological Samples for Screening Applications. Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag & Co.

Hospitality Management and Beverage Operation Essay

1〠From a food and beverage manager’s perspective – Why is managing the diversity of an international food and beverage operation so important? Discuss this by using a system, or process, or method and/ or technique In the hospitality industry, managing the diversity of international food and beverage operation which is important from a food and beverage manager’s perspective can improve the quality of the hospitality services, reduce high turnover in hospitality management and make more profit from the food and beverage operation. Hospitality workforce is consisted of diverse population and visible and non-visible differences which are included gender, age, background, culture, religion, race, disability, personality, and work style.†¦show more content†¦Due to this situation, the labour mobility and turnover are high. Thus, managing diversity in food and beverage operation must need a perfect system or an improved method as foundation. Systematic in the design, planning and control of a food and beverage operation must be concerned by international food and beverage manager. And also, management of the operation systems within a food and beverage operation must be considered by international food and beverage manager. What benefits will be brought into international food and beverage operation by understanding the systems? To sum up, there are three benefits. Firstly, control of resources which is implemented the systems inputs aim to reduce wastage. Secondly, efficient and effective operation can perfect international food and beverage services by using systems processes. Finally, the systems outputs assure what goal the hospitality organization can achieve. The hospitality education and training can provide hospitality worker an opportunity that improve themselves and understand the diverse workforce. 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